You cannot separate Black consumer behavior from the systems that shaped it. After slavery, Black workers generated massive economic value but had little access to land, credit, or capital to build intergenerational wealth. Segregation forced Black communities to rely heavily on outside industries. Later, integration came and opened our consumer market to everyone except us, while closing the businesses we’d built for ourselves.

On the plantation, slaves were not given last names in most cases. It wasn’t until after they left that these names were obtained